❌Incorrect: She is wearing blue jeans pants.
✅Correct: She is wearing blue jeans.
❌Incorrect: Last night I didn’t keep my diary.
✅Correct: Last night I didn’t write anything in my diary.
❌Incorrect: He made a world record.
✅Correct: He set a world record.
❌Incorrect: The class’s students are 55.
✅Correct: There are 55 students in the class.
❌Incorrect: I don’t even understand my mind.
✅Correct: I don’t even understand what I was thinking.
❌Incorrect: I felt good mood today.
✅Correct: I am in a good mood today.=====موضوع سے متعلق اہم سوالات=====
1۔ اُردو قواعد کسے کہتے ہیں اور اس کی اقسام کے نام
بتائیں۔
2۔ صرف اور نحو سے کیا مراد ہے؟ وضاحت کیجیئے۔
3۔ علم بلاغت ، علم عروض اور علم ہجا سے کیا مراد ہے؟
===== 1 =====
قواعد کی تعریف :
ہر زبان ( اُردو ، عربی ،فارسی ، انگریزی )کے اصول اور قوانین ہوتے ہیں جن سے زبان کو سمجھنا ، سیکھنا ، پڑھنا اور لکھنا آسان ہوجاتا ہے۔ان اصول اور قوانین کو قواعد کہا جاتا ہے۔
قواعد لفظ عربی زبان سے نکلا ہے جس کے معنی ترتیب دینا اور منظم کرنا ہے۔
قواعد کو انگریزی زبان میں گرامر کہتے ہیں۔
قواعد کی مدد سے ہم الفاظ اور جملوں کو ترتیب دینا اور اسے استعمال کرنا سیکھ سکتے ہیں۔ اس کے علاوہ کہاں کہاں بولنا ہے وہ بھی سیکھ سکتے ہیں۔
کسی بھی زبان پر عبور حاصل کرنے کے لیے اس کے قواعد یا گرامر کو سیکھنا ضروری ہوتا ہے۔ یہاں آپ کو اُردو قواعد کے متعلق معلومات فراہم کی جائےگی۔
قواعد کی اقسام:
اُردو قواعد کی پانچ اقسام ہیں۔( زیادہ تر کتب میں اس کی دو اقسام یعنی علم صرف اور علم نحو کا ذکر ملتا ہے۔)
===== 2 =====
علم صرف
علم نحو
علم صرف:
علم صرف قواعد کی وہ قسم ہے جس میں الفاظ سے بحث کی جاتی ہے۔اس میں الفاظ کی بناوٹ ، ساخت اور معانی کو وضاحت سے پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔ اس میں الفاظ کے مذکر ، مونث ، واحد ، جمع ، اسم ، فعل اور حرف وغیرہ ہونے کی نشاندہی بھی کی جاتی ہے تاکہ واضح ہوجائے کہ کون سا لفظ کیا حیثیت رکھتا ہے۔علم صرف میں ماہر شخص کو صرفی کہا جاتا ہے۔
علم نحو:
علم نحو قواعد کی وہ قسم ہے جس میں مرکب جملوں اور عبارتوں سے بحث کی جاتی ہے۔ اس میں جملوں کو جوڑنا ، توڑنا اور ان کا آپس میں تعلق معلوم کرنا سیکھا جاتا ہے۔ علم نحو میں ماہر شخص کو نحوی کہا جاتا ہے۔
===== 3 =====
علم بلاغت
علم عروض
علم ہجا
علم بلاغت:
علم بلاغت سے مراد تقریر کرنے کا علم ہے۔ اس میں ان قاعدوں سے بحث کی جاتی ہے جس سے کلام میں دلکشی پیدا ہوتی ہے اور کلام پُرزور ، پر شوکت اور دل پسند ہوجاتا ہے۔ یہ کلام جب مخاطب کے سامنے پیش کیا جائے تو اس میں مخاطب کے پسندیدہ نکات شامل ہونے چاہیئے۔ اس میں اہم باتوں کو شامل کیا جاتا ہے ۔ ناگوار باتوں سے احتراز کیا جاتا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ غیر ضروری باتوں کو نظر انداز بھی کیا جاتا ہے۔
علم عروض :
علم عروض وہ علم ہے جس میں ان اصول و ضوابط پر بحث کی جاتی ہے جن سے اشعار کے معیاری ، موزوں اور غیر موزوں ہونے کا طریقہ معلوم کیا جاتا ہے۔ اصل میں یہ منظوم کلام کو جانچنے کا آلہ یا کسوٹی ہے۔ اس سے شعر کے وزن کی صحت کے بارے میں پتہ چل جاتا ہے۔
علم ہجا:
علم ہجا وہ علم ہے جس میں زبان کے حروف تہجی کو علیحدہ علیحدہ کرنے ، ہجوں کی ساخت اور املا کے بارے میں بتایا جاتا ہے۔ اس میں حروف کے حرکات و سکنات یعنی اصوات (آوازوں) اور اعراب کے متعلق وضاحت کی گئی ہے۔ اس علم کی مدد سے حروف کا صحیح تلفظ معلوم ہوجاتا ہے اور حروف کا معیار قائم رہتا ہے۔
Once upon a time an old woman lived in a village. She was wealthy but was very clever and miser. She lived alone in an old hut and never allowed anyone to enter her hut. Though she was getting weaker day by day due to old age but did not have any servant or other helping hand and used to do all the household work by herself.
She had only one thing in her mind.....
'' If I allow someone to enter my house the person will steal away all my money and I will get poor.''
One day a young man from other village came to the old woman's village and he heard about that woman from the villagers.
The young man thought that how good it would be for him if he succeeded in getting a good share of the old woman's wealth by any means.
Next day he went to old woman's house and knocked the door .
''Who is there'' ? ,asked the woman.
''I am a relative of yours" ,the young man replied.
''Why have you come here?'' ,old woman asked again .
I heard that you are living alone and it is not good for you to live alone in this old age so I decided to stay here and look after you.
The woman did not allow him to come in but he started to live in the compound of the house.
Many days passed like that and one day the old woman got sick and she called the young man in the house as she had no one else to look after her.
The young man served the woman like her own child, she became so pleased with him that she allowed him to stay with her.
After some time the illness of the woman worsened.
Now she knew that she was going to die soon , she called the young man and said to him, '' Son, I want to tell you my last wish , that when my body will be placed on the pyre please burn my pillow with my body."
Two days later, the woman died. The young man did exactly what the woman had asked him to do. He burnt the huge pillow with her.
After completing the funeral and rituals he rushed to the old woman's hut and started searching madly for the money.
He searched here,
he searched there,
he searched everywhere.
But the young man didn't find a single penny.
So where was the money? Well, it was in the pillow which was burnt with the old woman.
Ah ! all the efforts of the young man failed.
🍏Health is Wealth:🍎
Once upon a time, there lived a generous and kind-hearted
king. But the people weren’t happy with their king because the king was very
lazy and would not do anything other than eating and sleeping.
He spent days and weeks and months in his bed either eating
something or sleeping. The king became a potato couch and the people started to
worry about the king.
One day, the king realized that he couldn’t even move his
body, not even his foot. He became very fat and his enemies made fun of him,
calling him ‘fatty king’, ‘bulky king’ etc.
The king Invited expert doctors from various parts of his
country and offered them generous rewards to make him fit. Unfortunately, none
could help the king gain his health and fitness. The king spent enormous
amounts of money but everything went in vain.
One fine morning, a holy man visited the country. He heard
about the ill-health of the king, and informed the minister at the palace that
he could easily cure the king. Hearing these promising words, the minister
became very happy. He requested the king to meet the holy man to get rid of his
problem.
The holy man resided at a distant place. Since the king
could not move his body, he asked the minister to bring the holy man to the
palace, but the holy man refused. He said that the king had to go to him, in
order to get cured.
After strenuous efforts, the king met the holy man at the
latter’s residence. The holy man complimented the king saying that he was a
good ruler, and said that he would soon regain his health. He asked the king to
come for treatment the next day. He told the king also that the king would be
treated only if he came on foot to the holy man’s residence.
The King was unable to walk even a few steps on the road,
but aided by his followers, he reached the holy man’s place. Unfortunately, the
holy man was not available there and his devotee requested the king to come and
meet him the next day for treatment.
This was repeated for two weeks and the king never met the
holy man, and never had any treatment.
Gradually, the king realized that he felt a lot lighter,
lost a considerable amount of weight and felt more active than before. He
realized the reason why the holy man asked him to reach his place by walking.
Very soon, the king regained his health, and the people were
very happy in his kingdom.
Health is Wealth!
